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Database Management and SQL Flashcards
| Front | Back |
| Explain the purpose of the DISTINCT keyword in SQL | It removes duplicate records from the result set |
| Give an example of a DDL (Data Definition Language) statement in SQL | CREATE DROP or ALTER |
| Name the first normal form | A table structure with no repeating groups and each field contains only atomic values |
| Name the second normal form | A table in first normal form where all non-key columns are fully functional dependent on the primary key |
| Name the types of SQL joins | INNER JOIN LEFT JOIN RIGHT JOIN FULL OUTER JOIN |
| What does SQL stand for | Structured Query Language |
| What does the GROUP BY clause do in SQL | Groups rows that share the same values in specified columns into summary rows |
| What is a composite key | A key that consists of two or more columns to uniquely identify a record |
| What is a cursor in SQL | A database object used to retrieve navigate and manipulate rows in a result set |
| What is a data warehouse | A system used for reporting and data analysis |
| What is a foreign key | A field that creates a relationship between two tables |
| What is a JOIN in SQL | A clause used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column |
| What is a primary key in a relational database | A unique identifier for each record in a table |
| What is a schema in a database | The structure that defines the organization of data in the database |
| What is a stored procedure | A precompiled collection of SQL statements stored in the database |
| What is a subquery in SQL | A query nested inside another SQL query |
| What is a surrogate key | A unique identifier for an entity, not derived from application data |
| What is a transaction in databases | A sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit of work |
| What is a trigger in SQL | A procedure that automatically executes in response to certain events on a table or view |
| What is a view in SQL | A virtual table based on the result set of an SQL statement |
| What is ACID in database transactions | Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability |
| What is an index in a database | A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval |
| What is denormalization | The process of adding redundant data to a database for performance improvement |
| What is normalization | The process of organizing data to minimize redundancy |
| What is referential integrity | Ensures relationships between tables remain consistent through foreign keys |
| What is SQL injection | A code injection technique that might destroy a database |
| What is the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE in SQL | TRUNCATE removes all rows without logging individual row deletions while DELETE logs each row removal and can include a WHERE clause |
| What is the HAVING clause used for in SQL | Used to filter result sets after applying aggregate functions such as SUM or COUNT |
| Which clause is used to filter records in a SQL query | WHERE |
| Which clause is used to sort the result-set in SQL | ORDER BY |
| Which SQL statement is used to delete data from a table | DELETE FROM |
| Which SQL statement is used to insert new data into a table | INSERT INTO |
| Which SQL statement is used to remove a table definition and its data from the database | DROP |
| Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database | SELECT |
| Which SQL statement is used to update existing data in a table | UPDATE |
Front
What is a stored procedure
Click the card to flip
Back
A precompiled collection of SQL statements stored in the database
Front
What does the GROUP BY clause do in SQL
Back
Groups rows that share the same values in specified columns into summary rows
Front
Which clause is used to sort the result-set in SQL
Back
ORDER BY
Front
What is referential integrity
Back
Ensures relationships between tables remain consistent through foreign keys
Front
Name the first normal form
Back
A table structure with no repeating groups and each field contains only atomic values
Front
What is denormalization
Back
The process of adding redundant data to a database for performance improvement
Front
What is a surrogate key
Back
A unique identifier for an entity, not derived from application data
Front
What is the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE in SQL
Back
TRUNCATE removes all rows without logging individual row deletions while DELETE logs each row removal and can include a WHERE clause
Front
What is the HAVING clause used for in SQL
Back
Used to filter result sets after applying aggregate functions such as SUM or COUNT
Front
What is a composite key
Back
A key that consists of two or more columns to uniquely identify a record
Front
What is a subquery in SQL
Back
A query nested inside another SQL query
Front
Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database
Back
SELECT
Front
What is a view in SQL
Back
A virtual table based on the result set of an SQL statement
Front
What is SQL injection
Back
A code injection technique that might destroy a database
Front
Name the second normal form
Back
A table in first normal form where all non-key columns are fully functional dependent on the primary key
Front
Give an example of a DDL (Data Definition Language) statement in SQL
Back
CREATE DROP or ALTER
Front
What is a cursor in SQL
Back
A database object used to retrieve navigate and manipulate rows in a result set
Front
Which SQL statement is used to delete data from a table
Back
DELETE FROM
Front
What is ACID in database transactions
Back
Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
Front
What is a primary key in a relational database
Back
A unique identifier for each record in a table
Front
Which SQL statement is used to update existing data in a table
Back
UPDATE
Front
What is a data warehouse
Back
A system used for reporting and data analysis
Front
What does SQL stand for
Back
Structured Query Language
Front
What is normalization
Back
The process of organizing data to minimize redundancy
Front
Which SQL statement is used to insert new data into a table
Back
INSERT INTO
Front
What is a schema in a database
Back
The structure that defines the organization of data in the database
Front
What is a foreign key
Back
A field that creates a relationship between two tables
Front
Which clause is used to filter records in a SQL query
Back
WHERE
Front
What is an index in a database
Back
A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval
Front
Name the types of SQL joins
Back
INNER JOIN LEFT JOIN RIGHT JOIN FULL OUTER JOIN
Front
What is a trigger in SQL
Back
A procedure that automatically executes in response to certain events on a table or view
Front
What is a JOIN in SQL
Back
A clause used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column
Front
What is a transaction in databases
Back
A sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit of work
Front
Which SQL statement is used to remove a table definition and its data from the database
Back
DROP
Front
Explain the purpose of the DISTINCT keyword in SQL
Back
It removes duplicate records from the result set
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Gain knowledge of fundamental database management concepts, including relational databases, SQL queries, normalization, and database optimization techniques.