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IP Addressing and Subnetting Essentials Flashcards
| Front | Back |
| Calculate the network address for 192.168.45.67/24 | 192.168.45.0 |
| Calculate the number of possible subnets with a /27 mask on a Class C network | 8 subnets (3 subnet bits) |
| Calculate the subnet mask for a /27 network | 255.255.255.224 |
| Explain why IPv6 was developed | IPv6 was developed to address the IPv4 address exhaustion problem while adding features like simplified headers, built-in security, better multicast support, and auto-configuration |
| How do you convert an IPv6 address with leading zeros? | Leading zeros within each group can be omitted and consecutive groups of zeros can be replaced with a double colon (::) once in the address |
| How do you subnet a /24 network into four equal subnets? | Use a /26 subnet mask (255.255.255.192) which gives you 4 subnets with 62 usable hosts each |
| How does NAT work? | Network Address Translation - a process that modifies IP address information in packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device to map private IP addresses to a public IP address |
| How is supernetting different from subnetting? | Supernetting combines multiple networks into a larger network by using a shorter prefix length, while subnetting divides networks into smaller ones using longer prefix lengths |
| How many host addresses are available in a /28 network? | 14 usable host addresses (16 total addresses minus network and broadcast addresses) |
| How many IPv6 addresses exist theoretically? | 2^128 or approximately 340 undecillion addresses |
| What are the five IPv4 address classes? | Class A (0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255), Class B (128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255), Class C (192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255), Class D (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255), Class E (240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255) |
| What are the private IPv4 address ranges? | 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8), 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12), 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16) |
| What is a default gateway? | The router interface IP address that devices use to send packets destined for networks outside their local subnet |
| What is a wildcard mask and how is it used? | A wildcard mask is the inverse of a subnet mask (0s become 1s and vice versa) and is primarily used in access control lists to specify which IP addresses a rule applies to |
| What is an IPv4 address? | A 32-bit numerical label consisting of four octets separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1) that identifies network interfaces within TCP/IP networks |
| What is an IPv6 prefix? | Similar to a subnet in IPv4, an IPv6 prefix defines a range of IPv6 addresses typically represented with a length (e.g., 2001:db8::/32) |
| What is CIDR notation? | Classless Inter-Domain Routing - a method of representing IP addresses and their subnet masks using a suffix indicating the number of network bits (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24) |
| What is IP address planning? | The strategic allocation of IP address space to ensure efficient use, proper security zones, room for growth, and avoiding overlapping address spaces |
| What is IPv6? | A 128-bit address represented in eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334) |
| What is SLAAC in IPv6? | Stateless Address Autoconfiguration - a method where devices can generate their own IPv6 addresses without a DHCP server |
| What is the broadcast address for network 172.16.5.0/23? | 172.16.6.255 |
| What is the difference between a public and private IP address? | Public IP addresses are routable on the internet while private IP addresses (defined in RFC 1918) are used within local networks and not routable on the internet |
| What is the difference between unicast | multicast, and broadcast addresses?,Unicast delivers to one specific device, multicast delivers to a group of devices, and broadcast delivers to all devices in a network |
| What is the IPv6 equivalent of the IPv4 loopback address? | ::1 |
| What is the link-local address range in IPv4? | 169.254.0.0/16 |
| What is the loopback address in IPv4? | 127.0.0.1 |
| What is the purpose of DHCP? | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network |
| What is the purpose of network segmentation? | To divide a network into smaller, more manageable segments to improve security, performance, and control traffic flow between different parts of the network |
| What is the purpose of subnet zero? | Using subnet zero (the subnet where all subnet bits are 0) allows for more efficient use of address space by not wasting the first subnet |
| What is the subnet mask for a default Class C network? | 255.255.255.0 |
| What is VLSM? | Variable Length Subnet Masking - a technique that allows network administrators to divide an IP address space into subnets of different sizes for efficiency |
Front
What is IPv6?
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Back
A 128-bit address represented in eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)
Front
How is supernetting different from subnetting?
Back
Supernetting combines multiple networks into a larger network by using a shorter prefix length, while subnetting divides networks into smaller ones using longer prefix lengths
Front
Calculate the number of possible subnets with a /27 mask on a Class C network
Back
8 subnets (3 subnet bits)
Front
How do you subnet a /24 network into four equal subnets?
Back
Use a /26 subnet mask (255.255.255.192) which gives you 4 subnets with 62 usable hosts each
Front
What is VLSM?
Back
Variable Length Subnet Masking - a technique that allows network administrators to divide an IP address space into subnets of different sizes for efficiency
Front
Calculate the subnet mask for a /27 network
Back
255.255.255.224
Front
What is an IPv6 prefix?
Back
Similar to a subnet in IPv4, an IPv6 prefix defines a range of IPv6 addresses typically represented with a length (e.g., 2001:db8::/32)
Front
What are the private IPv4 address ranges?
Back
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8), 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12), 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16)
Front
What is the difference between a public and private IP address?
Back
Public IP addresses are routable on the internet while private IP addresses (defined in RFC 1918) are used within local networks and not routable on the internet
Front
What is CIDR notation?
Back
Classless Inter-Domain Routing - a method of representing IP addresses and their subnet masks using a suffix indicating the number of network bits (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24)
Front
What is the subnet mask for a default Class C network?
Back
255.255.255.0
Front
Explain why IPv6 was developed
Back
IPv6 was developed to address the IPv4 address exhaustion problem while adding features like simplified headers, built-in security, better multicast support, and auto-configuration
Front
What is a wildcard mask and how is it used?
Back
A wildcard mask is the inverse of a subnet mask (0s become 1s and vice versa) and is primarily used in access control lists to specify which IP addresses a rule applies to
Front
What is the purpose of DHCP?
Back
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network
Front
Calculate the network address for 192.168.45.67/24
Back
192.168.45.0
Front
How does NAT work?
Back
Network Address Translation - a process that modifies IP address information in packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device to map private IP addresses to a public IP address
Front
What is the broadcast address for network 172.16.5.0/23?
Back
172.16.6.255
Front
How many host addresses are available in a /28 network?
Back
14 usable host addresses (16 total addresses minus network and broadcast addresses)
Front
What is IP address planning?
Back
The strategic allocation of IP address space to ensure efficient use, proper security zones, room for growth, and avoiding overlapping address spaces
Front
How do you convert an IPv6 address with leading zeros?
Back
Leading zeros within each group can be omitted and consecutive groups of zeros can be replaced with a double colon (::) once in the address
Front
What is the loopback address in IPv4?
Back
127.0.0.1
Front
What is the link-local address range in IPv4?
Back
169.254.0.0/16
Front
What is the IPv6 equivalent of the IPv4 loopback address?
Back
::1
Front
What is the purpose of subnet zero?
Back
Using subnet zero (the subnet where all subnet bits are 0) allows for more efficient use of address space by not wasting the first subnet
Front
What is the difference between unicast
Back
multicast, and broadcast addresses?,Unicast delivers to one specific device, multicast delivers to a group of devices, and broadcast delivers to all devices in a network
Front
What is an IPv4 address?
Back
A 32-bit numerical label consisting of four octets separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1) that identifies network interfaces within TCP/IP networks
Front
How many IPv6 addresses exist theoretically?
Back
2^128 or approximately 340 undecillion addresses
Front
What is the purpose of network segmentation?
Back
To divide a network into smaller, more manageable segments to improve security, performance, and control traffic flow between different parts of the network
Front
What is SLAAC in IPv6?
Back
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration - a method where devices can generate their own IPv6 addresses without a DHCP server
Front
What are the five IPv4 address classes?
Back
Class A (0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255), Class B (128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255), Class C (192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255), Class D (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255), Class E (240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255)
Front
What is a default gateway?
Back
The router interface IP address that devices use to send packets destined for networks outside their local subnet
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This deck covers core concepts such as IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, subnetting techniques, VLSM, CIDR, NAT, and IP address planning, equipping learners to design efficient IP schemes and ensure proper network segmentation.