Which of the following conditions is characterized by episodic vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness?
Labyrinthitis
Ménière's disease
Vestibular neuronitis
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Ménière's disease presents with a classic symptomatic quartet of episodes of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and a sensation of aural fullness. These symptoms help differentiate Ménière's disease from other forms of acute vestibular dysfunction. Labyrinthitis typically presents with severe vertigo and hearing loss but does not usually include tinnitus or aural fullness as cardinal symptoms, and it is often associated with a recent viral infection. Vestibular neuronitis often presents with vertigo but without hearing loss, while BPPV is characterized by brief episodes of vertigo related to changes in head position and does not involve hearing loss or tinnitus.
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