A 35-year-old male patient is being transported via air ambulance after ingesting a large quantity of ethylene glycol (antifreeze). Which medication should be administered to prevent the formation of toxic metabolites?
Activated charcoal
Naloxone
Atropine
Fomepizole
The medication that should be administered is fomepizole. Fomepizole is an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, which prevents the metabolism of ethylene glycol into its toxic metabolites like glycolate and oxalate. These toxic metabolites are responsible for the metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and other severe complications associated with ethylene glycol poisoning. Ethanol can also be used as an alternative treatment since it competes with ethylene glycol for alcohol dehydrogenase, but it is less commonly used due to its side effects and the need for careful monitoring.
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