A security engineer is configuring a new database for a financial application. Which database security mechanism is BEST suited to prevent SQL injection attacks while maintaining proper database access for authorized users?
Role-based access controls
Database activity monitoring
Database encryption
Parameterized queries
Parameterized queries (also known as prepared statements) are the most effective mechanism for preventing SQL injection attacks in database systems. They work by separating SQL code from user-supplied data, ensuring that user input is treated strictly as data rather than executable code.
With parameterized queries, the database prepares the SQL statement template first, then safely binds the user input parameters later. This approach prevents attackers from injecting malicious SQL code into database queries, as the parameters are properly escaped and handled by the database driver.
While database encryption protects data at rest, it doesn't prevent SQL injection. Role-based access controls help restrict user privileges but don't specifically address injection vulnerabilities. Database activity monitoring is valuable for detecting suspicious activities but is a detective control rather than a preventive one for SQL injection.
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