An organization is implementing a security architecture for their critical infrastructure systems that control industrial equipment. Which physical network segmentation method provides the highest level of security by ensuring complete isolation from untrusted networks?
In-band separation
DMZ implementation
Out-of-band segmentation
Physical air gap
An air-gapped network provides the highest level of security through complete physical isolation from untrusted networks, including the internet. In an air-gapped environment, there is no physical connection between the secure network and any external networks, making it substantially more difficult for external threat actors to gain access through network-based attacks. This is why air-gapped networks are commonly used for critical infrastructure, military systems, and other high-security environments.
In-band management uses the same network path for both data and management traffic, which doesn't provide isolation. Out-of-band management uses a separate network for management traffic but still maintains connectivity. DMZ implementation creates buffer zones between networks but doesn't provide complete physical isolation.
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