A federal corporation challenges a state environmental regulation, arguing that it conflicts with federal environmental laws. The state defends the regulation by asserting that it is based on a state policy that is both adequate and independent of federal law. Under the "adequate and independent state ground" doctrine, how should a federal court proceed?
Dismiss the challenge, deferring to the state’s adequate and independent grounds.
Refer the case to a higher federal court for further review.
Require the state to amend its policy to align with federal law before considering the challenge.
Proceed with the challenge, asserting that federal law overrides state policies.
The correct approach is for the federal court to dismiss the challenge because the state has provided an adequate and independent basis for the regulation, allowing the state courts to address the issue without federal intervention. This respects state sovereignty and the judicial principles governing the adequacy and independence of state grounds.
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