A state legislature passes a law that limits the number of licenses for liquor sales exclusively to businesses owned by individuals of a specific nationality, aiming to preserve cultural heritage. A business owner from a different nationality challenges this law as unconstitutional. Under the Equal Protection Clause, what level of scrutiny should the court apply to evaluate the validity of this licensing requirement?
The classification based on nationality is considered a suspect classification, which triggers strict scrutiny. Under strict scrutiny, the state must demonstrate that the law serves a compelling government interest and is narrowly tailored to achieve that interest.
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What are suspect classifications and why do they matter?
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Can you provide examples of cases involving strict scrutiny?