Congress enacts a statute barring federal courts from hearing any challenges to the constitutionality of a federal election law. A voter files a lawsuit in federal court, arguing that the election law violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution. The federal court dismisses the case, citing Congress's jurisdiction-limiting statute. The voter appeals, asserting that Congress exceeded its constitutional authority. How should the appellate court evaluate the statute?
The statute oversteps Congress's authority under Article III because it blocks judicial review of constitutional challenges, undermining separation of powers.
The statute falls within Congress's authority under Article III, which allows the legislature to determine the jurisdiction of federal courts.
The statute reflects a legislative effort to shift specific types of constitutional challenges away from federal courts and to state courts.
The statute grants Congress the ability to regulate the jurisdiction of federal courts without violating constitutional governance.
Although Congress has significant authority under Article III to set boundaries for the jurisdiction of federal courts, it cannot use that authority to undermine core constitutional protections. By effectively removing all avenues for judicial review of constitutional challenges, the statute interferes with the judiciary's role in interpreting and applying the Constitution. This overreach violates the principle of separation of powers. Other answers are incorrect because they either exaggerate Congress's authority, misstate constitutional limits, or fail to account for the judiciary's essential role in preserving constitutional governance.
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What does Article III of the Constitution say about judicial powers?
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Why is the principle of separation of powers important in this context?
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What are core constitutional protections, and why do they matter?