The state of Riverton enacts a statute that mandates all federal transportation facilities within the state to adhere to specific state environmental standards, which are more rigorous than existing federal guidelines. A federal transportation agency contests the state statute. What is the most probable outcome based on the principles of intergovernmental immunities?
The state statute is valid, and the federal agency is required to comply with the state's environmental standards.
The federal agency can opt to comply with the state statute based on its internal policies.
The state and federal environmental standards are both followed, with the federal agency meeting the higher standard.
The state statute would be declared invalid, preventing the federal agency from being subject to the new environmental standards.
Under the principles of intergovernmental immunities, states are restricted from imposing additional regulations on federal entities that execute federal functions. This ensures that federal operations are not unduly burdened by state requirements. Therefore, the state statute mandating federal transportation facilities to meet more rigorous state environmental standards is likely to be deemed incompatible with intergovernmental immunity principles and invalidated.
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