The Commerce Clause gives Congress the authority to regulate activities that substantially affect interstate commerce. This is a specific power explicitly granted to Congress by Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. The other options listed do not fall within Congress’s constitutional authority. Police powers, for example, are reserved to the states under the Tenth Amendment. Judicial review is a power of the judiciary established by Marbury v. Madison, and regulating marriage has traditionally been a state responsibility.
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