A network administrator is concerned that an attacker might exploit a hash algorithm's vulnerability by finding two different inputs that produce the same hash output, compromising data integrity. Which cryptographic attack leverages this probability?
Birthday attacks exploit the birthday paradox, a mathematical principle that makes it easier than expected to find two inputs that produce the same hash output (a collision) in a hash function. This compromises data integrity by allowing an attacker to substitute input data without changing the hash. Dictionary attacks focus on guessing passwords using common words, rainbow table attacks use precomputed tables to reverse-engineer hashed passwords, and brute force attacks attempt every possible combination of input without leveraging collision probabilities.
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What is a hash algorithm and why is it important in security?
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Can you explain the 'birthday paradox' in simple terms?
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How do birthday attacks differ from other types of cryptographic attacks?